nvbdcp (National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme)
The programme(nvbdcp) is for prevention and vector-borne disease control. Dengue, Malaria, Chikungunya fever, Japanese encephalitis (JE), Kala-azar and Lymphatic Filariasis are six diseases, It is transmitted by sand flies.
The broadcast of vector-borne diseases depends on the prevalence of infectious vectors and human-vector contact, which is influenced by various factors such as climate, people's sleep habits, density and bite vectors etc.
Objectives of nvbdcp
- To prevent mortality from vector Borne Disease, namely Malaria, Kalaazar, Dengue / DHF and JE
- To reduce morbidity from Malaria, Filariasis, Kala-azar, Dengue / DHF, Chikungunya and JE
- To eliminate the vector-borne disease with effective control measures
- To the maintenance of ongoing socio-economic developments
What is the current growth rate of nvbdcp?
Vectors
Vectors are organisms that cause the transmission of infectious pathogens between humans or from animals to humans. Most of these vectors are blood-sucking insects, which take the germs that produce the disease during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and then transmit it to a new host after obtaining a pathogenic replicated. Often, once a vector becomes infected, it spread the disease throughout each subsequent bite/blood meal for the rest of their lives.
Vector born diseases
Vector-borne diseases are human diseases caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria. Every year more than 700,000 people die from diseases such as malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and oncogenesis.
The burden of these diseases is high in the tropics and subtropics and they affect the poor population disproportionately. Since 2014, a major outbreak of dengue, malaria, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika has affected populations, claimed lives and flooded health systems in many countries. Other diseases, such as chikungunya, leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis, can cause chronic illness, lifelong illness, disability and occasional stigma. The distribution of vector-borne diseases is determined by a complex set of population, environmental and social factors.
Important Fact of nvbdcp
- Vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of infectious diseases and cause more than 700 000 deaths annually. They are caused by parasites, bacteria or viruses.
- Malaria is a parasitic infection which is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. It causes 219 million cases worldwide and causes more than 400,000 deaths each year. More commonly deaths occur in children under 5 years of age.
- Dengue is a viral infection which is transmitted by mosquitoes. More than 3.9 billion people are at risk of contracting dengue in more than 129 countries, with 96 million cases and 40,000 deaths each year.
- Other vector-borne viral diseases include chikungunya fever, Zika virus fever, yellow fever, West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis (all mosquito-borne), and tick-borne encephalitis.
- Other vector-borne diseases, such as leishmaniasis (sandflies), Chagas disease (triatomine bugs) and schistosomiasis (snails), affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide.
- Many vector-borne diseases can be prevented through protective measures and community mobilization.
General strategy
The general strategy to prevention and control of vector-borne diseases are described under nvbdcp:
- Integrated vector management involves the reduction of resources in selected high-risk areas, including indoor residual sprays (IRS), long-term pesticides, and use of larvae fish, biolurides and minor environmental engineering in urban areas.
- Management of the disease, even early case detection with active, passive and effective sentinel and complete surveillance treatment, strengthening referral services, epidemic readiness and rapid response.
- Support interventions that include Behavior Change Communication (BCC), Inter-sectoral, and human convergence Resource development through capacity building.
- Vaccination only against JE
- Annual administration of massive drugs (only against lymphatic filariasis)
List of vector-borne diseases as per their vector
The following table is not an exhaustive list of diseases transmitted by vector, which are ordered according to the circulating vector. The list also describes the type of pathogen that causes disease in humans.
WHO reaction
The Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) 2017–2030 was approved by the World Health Assembly in 2017. It provides strategic guidance to countries and development partners to urgently strengthen vector control as a fundamental approach to disease prevention and response to outbreaks. Achieving this requires re-alignment of vector control programs, increased technical capability, improved infrastructure, strengthened monitoring and surveillance systems and greater community mobilization.
It contributes to implementing a comprehensive approach to vector control that enables the achievement of disease-specific national and global goals and contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals and universal health coverage. Following are the reaction of WHO to vector-borne diseases:
- Providing evidence-based guidance to control vectors and protect people from infection
- By providing technical assistance to countries they can effectively manage cases and dissemination
- Support countries to improve their reporting systems and capture the true burden of the disease
- Providing training (capacity building) on clinical management, diagnosis and vector control with the support of its collaborative centres
- Support the development and evaluation of new tools, technologies and approaches for vector-borne diseases, including vector control and disease management technologies.
- Behavioural change is a key factor in reducing the burden of vector-borne diseases. The WHO works with partners to provide education and improve public awareness so that they can protect themselves and their communities from mosquitoes, ticks, bugs, flies and other vectors.
- Water and sanitation are vital for disease control and eradication. The WHO works with a number of government agencies to improve water storage and sanitation, thereby helping to control these diseases at the community level.
Read the following diseases
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